Τέσσερα περιστατικά με επίθεση και δάγκωμα οχιάς, σημειώθηκαν μέσα σε μόνο λίγες ημέρες στην χώρα, με κύριο αυτό της Θεσσαλονίκης όπου  μια  εθελόντρια ερπετολόγος, – που τη δάγκωσε οχιά σε σχολείο της Θεσσαλονίκης – παραμένει σε καταστολή υπό μηχανική υποστήριξη. Την ίδια στιγμή, ολοένα και περισσότερες εμφανίσεις άρχισαν να κάνουν φίδια διαφόρων ειδών, γεγονός που προκαλεί ανησυχία σε εκείνους που δεν γνωρίζουν πως θα τα αντιμετωπίσουν σε περίπτωση που έρθουν σε οπτική επαφή μαζί τους ή ακόμη χειρότερα, σε περίπτωση που δεχθούν ένα δάγκωμα από οχιά.

 Τι πρέπει να κάνει κάποιος για να αποφύγει το εν λόγω ερπετό αλλά και πως πρέπει να κινηθεί σε περίπτωση επίθεσης, μέχρι τουλάχιστον να βρεθεί στο ασφαλές περιβάλλον ενός νοσοκομείου;

Η οχιά έχει τρία χαρακτηριστικά:

Το κεφάλι της είναι λίγο τριγωνικό (ξεχωρίζει σαν τριγωνάκι)

Ο κορμός από πάνω έχει το «ζικ-ζακ», αλλά αυτό δεν σημαίνει ότι όσα φίδια το έχουν είναι και οχιές.

Τέλος, ενώ ξέρουμε ότι σε όλα τα φίδια η ουρά λεπταίνει και τελειώνει πολύ λεπτή, στην οχιά λεπταίνει λίγο και σταματά απότομα. Ίσως  να έχετε ακούσει την φράση «φίδι κολοβό». Με αυτήν υπονοούν την οχιά. Η οχιά δεν έχει την ουρά που λεπταίνει και φαίνεται σαν να είναι «κομμένη». Είναι πραγματικά εύκολο να αναγνωρίσει κάποιος την οχιά. Επίσης, η οχιά φοβάται πολύ και για αυτό όταν αισθανθεί κίνδυνο, δεν θα φύγει. Όλα τα φίδια φεύγουν, αλλά η οχιά δεν θα φύγει. Για αυτό λένε και ότι «η οχιά δεν έφυγε, περίμενε εκεί». Η οχιά δεν επιτίθεται από μόνη της – και κανένα φίδι δεν επιτίθεται – αλλά επειδή σταματά από τον φόβο της και δεν κάνει τίποτε, όταν αισθανθεί ότι ο κίνδυνος είναι πολύ κοντά της, τότε προφανώς θα επιτεθεί. Όλα τα φίδια φεύγουν. Αν δούμε κάποιο φίδι, σε μια φυσιολογική θερμοκρασία – καθώς όταν κάνει κρύο κανένα δεν μπορεί να κινηθεί – που δεν φεύγει γρήγορα (μπορεί να κινηθεί λίγο) τότε και αυτό είναι μια ένδειξη ότι πρόκειται για οχιά. Τα βασικότερα όμως χαρακτηριστικά, είναι τα τρία προαναφερόμενα. Τα υπόλοιπα φίδια δεν είναι δηλητηριώδη. Μπορεί να πρηστείς λίγο – προφανώς – ή να πάθεις κάποια μόλυνση, αλλά δεν έχουν το δηλητήριο που έχει η οχιά, η ποσότητα του οποίου (όταν θα σε δαγκώσει) μπορεί να δημιουργήσει αλλεργίες και να θέσει την ζωή σου σε κίνδυνο. Η οχιά είναι το μοναδικό δηλητηριώδες φίδι στην Ελλάδα που μπορεί να μας κοστίσει την ζωή».

Tι πρέπει να κάνει κάποιος που θα έρθει σε οπτική επαφή με μια οχιά;

Τίποτε. Δεν πρέπει να πάει κοντά της για να μην αισθανθεί φόβο. Θα φύγει μόνη της.

Τι πρέπει να κάνουμε σε περίπτωση που μας δαγκώσει;

Σε περίπτωση που μας δαγκώσει οχιά, δένουμε χαλαρά 10-15 εκατοστά πάνω από το σημείο που μας έχει δαγκώσει (όπως το ρολόι στο χέρι μας), διότι το σημείο θα κάνει οίδημα (θα πρηστεί) και θα σφίξει. Δεν κάνουμε ισχυρή περίδεση. Θα δέσουμε χαλαρά με έναν επίδεσμο 4-5 εκ και όχι με ένα κορδόνι από το παπούτσι (για παράδειγμα) και σφιχτά. Η πρόληψη είναι η καλύτερη αντιμετώπιση σε αυτές τις περιπτώσεις.  Επίσης, σημαδεύουμε το σημείο όπου έχουμε δεχθεί το δάγκωμα για να δούμε πόσο έχει προχωρήσει το οίδημα, όταν θα πάμε στο νοσοκομείο, σταματούμε κάθε κίνηση (ακινητοποιούμε το μέλος όπου έχουμε το δάγκωμα) για να μην επεκταθεί το δηλητήριο και πρέπει να είμαστε ψύχραιμοι. Δεν χαράζουμε και δεν ρουφάμε το σημείο, εκτός αν υπάρχει η ειδική σύριγγα αναρρόφησης (για να κάνει την αναρρόφηση, όχι μόνο για φίδια αλλά και για μέλισσες κλπ). ΑΠΑΓΟΡΕΥΕΤΑΙ όμως η χάραξη και το ρούφηγμα του δηλητηρίου διότι αν έχεις σάπιο δόντι, το δηλητήριο θα πάει εκεί και θα μολυνθείς. Επιπλέον χρειάζεται γρήγορη μεταφορά στο νοσοκομείο και αν υπάρχει η δυνατότητα καλό είναι να έχουμε το είδος που μας δάγκωσε (αράχνη, φίδι κ.ο.κ). Διαφορετικά, αν δούμε δυο τρύπες στο δάγκωμα, πάει να πει ότι ήταν δηλητηριώδες (οχιά για την περιοχή μας). Αν είναι κανονική η οδοντοστοιχία, δεν έχει δηλητήριο άρα δεν διατρέχουμε κανέναν κίνδυνο. Παρόλα αυτά πηγαίνουμε προληπτικά στο νοσοκομείο. Αλλά – για να είμαστε ψύχραιμοι – σε αυτήν την περίπτωση δεν χρειάζεται να κάνουμε τίποτα. Είναι σαν να μας δάγκωσε ένας σκύλος ή μια γάτα. Είναι ένα τραύμα. Αυτό που φέρει δηλητήριο, θα αφήσει δυο τρύπες. Είναι, πέρα από την οδοντοστοιχία τα δύο πρόσθετα δόντια που έχει το φίδι (ως συνήθως η οχιά, διότι εδώ δεν έχουμε κόμπρες). Άρα κάποιος θα δει δυο τρύπες και αυτό πάει να πει ότι ήταν δηλητηριώδες. Το πόσο δηλητήριο είχε ή το κατά πόσο θα επηρεάσει, έχει να κάνει με το φίδι, την στιγμή, το σημείο που δέχθηκε κάποιος το δάγκωμα (πόδι, χέρι κλπ). Όσο πιο κοντά στην καρδιά τόσο πιο δύσκολο γίνεται. Από την άλλη, αν είσαι αλλεργικός θα την «πατήσεις» και από μια μέλισσα, όχι μόνον από το φίδι. Εκεί πρόκειται για αλλεργικό σοκ. Χρειάζεται ηρεμία, ψυχραιμία, ακινητοποίηση του άκρου και μια απλή περίδεση και μεταφορά στο νοσοκομείο.

Τέλος, αν κάποιος χάσει το επίπεδο συνείδησης θα πρέπει να ξεκινήσει η καρδιοαναπνευστική αναζωογόνηση. Εδώ μιλάμε για πρώτες βοήθειες. Γενικά όμως χρειάζεται ψυχραιμία και άμεση μεταφορά στο νοσοκομείο. Επίσης, μπορεί κάποιος να απευθυνθεί και στο Κέντρο Δηλητηριάσεων καθώς πρόκειται για δηλητηρίαση.  Και στο Νοσοκομείο ακολουθούν την ίδια διαδικασία προκειμένου να ενημερωθούν για τα αντίδοτα που πρέπει να δώσουν σε τέτοιες περιπτώσεις.

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117 thoughts on “Η αναγνώριση και η αντιμετώπιση της οχιάς!

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